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JAMAICA
Me Soon Come
If Jamaica were compared to a painting it would be a masterpiece of
tropical splendor.
Framed by towering blue mountains, the landscape is filled with the multicolored
hues of exotic flowers and plants, and subdued by the various greens of dense jungles,
woody meadows and misty valleys. Countless waterfalls tumble and cascade downward
over boulders and gorges, feeding the rivers which spread out like hundreds of fingers
across the island. The water gently flows by riverbanks lined with wildflowers, or past
mangrove swamps and rustic fishing villages, whitewashed towns, and the Colonial
Great Houses which dot the countryside. Finally the rivers blend into the Caribbean Sea,
only to wash up on the golden beaches that encircle this intriguing island.
Jamaica is a paradise for both the adventuresome traveler seeking the many unique
outdoor treasures which the island offers in abundance, as well as for those wanting
to be pampered at the island's many spas, or lavished upon at one of the all-inclusive
fun and sun resorts which line the legendary Northern Gold Coast.
History, People & Culture
Welcome to Jamaica, an island that the Arawak Indians called "Xymaca"- the land of
wood and water. Columbus first visited the island on his second voyage in 1494; on
another voyage in1503 he was stranded on the north coast due to a shipwreck. His
own log details the beauty of the island and the help of the friendly Arawak people.
His affection for the Arawak did not stop him from claiming the island for Spain.
The only thing the colonists seemed to accomplish was the extermination of the
Arawaks and the introduction of African slaves brought in to replace them.
Arrival of the English
After nearly 150 years as a Spanish backwater the island was changed forever with
the arrival of an invading English army in 1655. The English ousted the Spanish and
began their own colonization. Jamaica became a permanent possession of England
after a bloody Spanish counter-invasion failed miserably in 1670.
Pirates, Plunder and Power
The English quickly turned Port Royal into a fortified and thriving port that grew richer
at the expense of plundered Spanish cities and galleons. As a magnet for swashbuckling
pirates, the port also gained a reputation as one of the most dubious and notorious cities
in the world. Piracy on the high seas began to disappear with the appointment of the
infamous Captain Morgan as Lt. Governor of Jamaica. Once a pirate himself, Captain
Morgan turned on his former associates and rooted out pirate strongholds. Morgan
helped firmly establish the powerful English presence throughout the Caribbean.
Earthquakes, Sugar and Slave Revolts
Jamaica's capital city, Port Royal, once boasted that it was the "wickedest city on earth"
On June 7, 1692, just before noon, a devastating earthquake struck the capital and in less
than twenty minutes most of the city was ripped from land and driven into the sea. Giant
tidal waves swept over ships and into the crushed city, drowning thousands and leaving
only a handful of survivors to rebuild the ruined port (in 1704 a fire would destroy all
these rebuilding efforts).
Despite the destruction of their capital city, the rest of the island prospered as a major
agricultural center of the Caribbean. Due to its large size, fertile soil and abundant rainfall,
Jamaica grew many crops, the most lucrative being sugar cane. An explosion in world
demand for sugar allowed Jamaica to grow rich and powerful as more and more slaves
were imported to the island to expand the plantations. Over the years the ratio of slaves
to owners reached proportions of 15:1. Unrest and demands for freedom spread
throughout the island. Slave revolts became a constant and the English army was
called in to crush the many rebellions.
Maroons and the Cockpit Country
One of the most interesting historical notes unfolded in the rugged limestone hill area
known as the Cockpit Country. Slaves escaping into this remote and unfriendly terrain
were called Maroons derived from the Spanish word Cameroon, which means 'wild'.
Their numbers kept growing as a continuous stream of runaway slaves added to their
ranks. The Maroons fought the Spanish and English for over 100 years from their
mountain strongholds. Only after the English army fought their way into the capital of
Nanny Town and burned it to the ground was peace finally made.
The Maroons received autonomy; in return, the English asked for a cessation of
fighting and that all further slaves that escaped into the area would be returned
to the owners for a bounty.
Emancipation and Independence
The early 1800's saw continued slave unrest and another bloody conflict with the
Maroons. Finally, in 1838 slavery was ended throughout the British Empire. Hundreds
of thousands of Jamaican slaves rejoiced; former slaves refused to work the fields and
the once lucrative sugar business began to fade away. Political reform and participation
in government by the local Jamaicans continued for the next 100 years, sometimes
erupting into violent of the British Commonwealth. The Royal British Troops withdrew
that same year, ending over 300 years of British rule on the island.
This is the motto that unites the many different people of Jamaica, the majority of whom
are of African and African-European descent. There are also small minorities of Chinese,
Indian, Portuguese, German and English, along with emigrants from other Caribbean
islands. In general Jamaicans are friendly, outgoing and very proud of their nation.
They enjoy humor, swapping stories (or liming as they call it), can be opinionated and
are very talented. Jamaican artwork is highly sought after and the Reggae music that
originated on the island is world renown. Though English is the official language it is
fascinating to listen to "Jamaican Talk", or the local dialect spoken in a musical lilt- a
mixture of English and African words (and some slang thrown in as well!).
Jamaicans keep a positive and carefree attitude toward life, answering many questions
or inquiries with a "No Problem Mon" or an "Irie" - believing that its all going to work out
and everything is OK! If you want to experience the culture and the people firsthand,
Jamaica runs a very successful and popular 'Meet the People' program that matches up
families of similar interests.Contact the Jamaica Tourist Board at 800.233.4582. No
Problem Mon.!
Features a gold cross on a black-and-green background. Some Jamaican friends
explained to me that the gold cross represented the sunshine that blesses the island,
the green from the rainfall that makes the island lush and verdant and the black for the
people and for the African slaves forced over to the island that after centuries won their
freedom. The flag is recognized throughout the world and Jamaican sports teams
proudly incorporate the flag into their uniforms.
Spider Man
Oral traditions formed a powerful bond of folklore that has been passed down from
African slaves in the 17th and 18th century and are still retold today. There are two
spirits in Jamaican folklore -- Obeah and Jumbie. Obeah is a superstitious spirit that
is held accountable for both good and evil. Legend has it that Obeah takes things
away from people who take it for granted (health, wealth, happiness, love etc.), so
when you ask a Jamaican how they are doing or feeling they may quickly answer
"could be better" or "not too bad".
The jumbie is similar to the jumbies of other Caribbean islands and is represented at
Carnival and parades as the stilt-walking 12 and 18 feet tall twirling Mocko Jumbies.
They are said to be spirits of dead people who didn't want to leave the island.
Jamaican lore is also full of stories of the African-linked Anansi or spider. The stories
are used as parables to teach lessons. In Jamaica the spider has become a "spider
man" who walks upright and is a cunning trickster who always gets whatever he
wants -- but always for the good of a moral.
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